Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using Pistacia species: improved stability and biological activities

Plant extracts, rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, serve as reducing and stabilizing agents in nanoparticles fabrication. The Pistacia genus, comprising species like P. atlantica, P. lentiscus, and P. vera, has demonstrated significant potential in synthesizing metallic nanoparticles with enhanced physicochemical and biomedical properties. This review provides a comprehensive description of the phytochemical composition of different Pistacia species and their utilization in nanoparticles synthesis. It further explores the biological mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, along with their safety and stability profiles. The review highlights the promise of Pistacia-derived metallic nanoparticles in biomedical applications, while emphasizing mechanistic, toxicological, and stability considerations crucial for clinical translation.