Recently, semiconductor photocatalysis due to its versatile use in various fields has attracted increasing attention of researchers. Here below, we present a review on recent advances in research and application of photocatalytic processes based on semiconductor materials. Article contains an information on details of photocatalytic reaction mechanisms with presence of semiconductors and features of new materials and their photocathalytic properties. The titanium dioxide is considered as widespread classical photocatalyst material with well studied properties. On the one hand, the general requirements for photocatalysts were found by the detailad investigations of photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide. On the other hand, the rapid development of nanotechnologies resulted to the range of important scientific discoveries in this field. Studies continued with production of new photocatalytically active nano- and hybrid materials. Among these modern nanostructured new materials, we considered properties of hybrid graphene structures, black titanium dioxide, graphite carbon nitride, silicon nanowires as promising and effective ones for semiconductor photocatalysis.