Dual-oscillator infrared electro-optic sampling with attosecond precision

in: Optica (2024)
Weigel, Alexander; Jacob, Philip; Schweinberger, Wolfgang; Huber, Marinus; Trubetskov, Michael; Karandušovský, Patrik; Hofer, Christina; Buberl, Theresa; Amotchkina, Tatiana; Högner, Maximilian; Hahner, Daniel; Sulzer, Philipp; Leitenstorfer, Alfred; Pervak, Vladimir; Krausz, Ferenc; Pupeza, Ioachim
Electro-optic sampling of infrared electric fields has set sensitivity and dynamic-range records in broadband molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Yet, in these works, the 1-second-scale single-trace acquisition time leads to intra-scan noise accumulation and restricts the throughput in measurements of multiple samples and of dynamic processes. We present a dual-laser-oscillator approach capturing 2800 mid-infrared waveforms per second by scanning the relative delay between the sampled waveform and the gate pulses using a modulated repetition-frequency lock. The new technique of electro-optic delay tracking (EODT) provides delay calibration with down to few-attosecond precision and provides a general route to high-precision dual-oscillator spectroscopy with picosecond delay ranges. Our work has immediate applications in, e.g., precision electric-field metrology and high-speed biosensing.

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